Primality Certificate for (6615^2017-1)/6614

Andy Steward7,703 digits05 February 2002
Originally by David Broadhurst & Bouk de Water 2002

This certificate uses a theorem of Konyagin and Pomerance to prove an integer N prime by making use of a partial prime factorization of N-1.

Factorizing N-1

As N is a Generalized Repunit, we make use of the algebraic factorization of N-1 to arrive at the following 30.835649% factorization of N-1:

From Factorisation
66153 · 3 · 3 · 5 · 7 · 7
Φ22 · 2 · 2 · 827
Φ343 · 1017787
Φ42 · 3733 · 5861
Φ643751611
Φ7197 · 425381426124761617253
Φ82 · 17 · 41 · 1373588418329
Φ9109 · 307 · 1009 · 19927 · 124532048089
Φ1213 · 37 · 3980836198321
Φ1483774808376763474500111
Φ162 · 401 · 4571559955909866807158900113
Φ1819 · 2365310071 · 1864392766399
Φ21p46
Φ24457 · 150367897 · 53354058700111719169
Φ2829 · 5657 · 158480261848433197 · 270021792305132320138561
Φ322 · 97 · 12577 · 32922209 · 159335809 · p40
Φ361039249 · 2696634757 · p31
Φ424621 · 15121 · 104257472270911 · 963829372423309081315291
Φ482833 · 1759969 · 9490849 · 407558881 · p36
Φ56113 · 13721 · p86
Φ63127 · 45993403 · 64282303 · p120
Φ7273 · 5494273273 · 5379224628722689 · 176280983991586085329 · p45
Φ84757 · 384133 · 90582883984645088955041810653 · p55
Φ9617377 · 39460513 · 14107882280645882017 · 245533527230804424377872033 · p65
Φ112337 · 16237649 · c174
Φ1266970284690945333404658770431 · c110
Φ1441103134207949281 · c169
Φ168p184
Φ224161281 · 5184362018977 · 311475309291978049 · p332
Φ2528317 · 1832293 · 11894653 · 15558006241 · c248
Φ288108959137633 · 22094920330449697 · 5838876010141849080278497 · c315
Φ33686900026897551702577 · c347
Φ50411593 · 2034245809 · 1218597667440951666899521 · 649201803279780441980786617 · p486
Φ672673 · 2017 · 9551137 · c721
Φ10082557297 · 11174689 · c1087
Φ201696769 · 302897610586369 · 11060322793762943352961 · c2160

From this partial factorization, we use sufficient of the largest prime factors of N-1 so that their product F is at least N 3/10 :

768172 6873583584 9446424832 9777376801 5764197099 0362955604 2005084562 7806697206 1885624625 8069494107 7098011297 7804035504 5489094421 5416972741 7904881525 7751691892 9934809988 8224398893 3158662553 7559052021 4138563576 5567384128 2317303343 9672062201 6713469040 8379250484 0438287712 6633422391 0398215341 3889680619 0790797105 6010970091 4138471920 4730938885 3925902514 1347178158 9883507441 1377605075 0601916896 3583888359 4265508784 5327687108 9517101887 9567090870 9111142692 4059244726 6598294387 0074435515 1167155089
22 6549602581 3888590472 0648773744 4623115927 4306496769 4353477938 4872476222 0770765772 4302966828 8376320970 6024139234 5661902267 2588837908 7878524380 8188920828 1096162114 2556227999 7184409669 8496675673 0183792291 5793311727 3224038615 2137823523 5211934096 7961805436 4950214267 5917305445 5812213741 4632442738 7365745601 8166372946 1276367159 2265257377
2429 0291637796 9034265355 2204655431 5352425200 7513926770 0336950650 0971486953 3333722432 6581350669 9466709583 0580374813 2664682079 7497983215 0644684793 4452653950 0467148510 9629495640 3104760001
9214756312 0364693017 0950410944 0316918620 6917743721 2013655847 7093576660 3229983708 7987762457 3580362530 0472704815 9861092707
317871 9138606189 2130475405 9306360637 2183627596 7105869104 8390218031 3779387980 1320032537
76075 5314225518 2875853503 2296035203 8209046614 6964233572 9639976641
18710 8162285221 7121290063 3527698238 4204428576 8205219757
701927 9313357605 4901238021 7016994212 3781891761
12958 6005153395 1011131362 1890040250 5428040849
1050259039 4649776156 4574468680 5602658017
696996 4380130069 4699832781 6107450577
2 5050502334 5265635430 0459845357
905828839 8464508895 5041810653
69702846 9094533340 4658770431
45715599 5590986680 7158900113
6492018 0327978044 1980786617
2455335 2723080442 4377872033
58388 7601014184 9080278497
12185 9766744095 1666899521
9638 2937242330 9081315291
2700 2179230513 2320138561
837 7480837676 3474500111
110 6032279376 2943352961
4 2538142612 4761617253
1 7628098399 1586085329
8690002689 7551702577
5335405870 0111719169
1410788228 0645882017
31147530 9291978049
15848026 1848433197
2209492 0330449697
537922 4628722689
110313 4207949281
30289 7610586369
10425 7472270911
518 4362018977
398 0836198321
186 4392766399
137 3588418329
12 4532048089
10 8959137633
1 5558006241
5494273273
2696634757
2365310071
2034245809
407558881
159335809
150367897
64282303
45993403
43751611
39460513
32922209
16237649
11894653
11174689
9551137
9490849
2557297
1832293
1759969
1039249
1017787
384133
161281
96769
19927
17377
15121
13721
12577
11593
8317
5861
5657
4621
3733
2833
2017
1009
827
757
673
457
401
337
307
197
127
113
109
97
73
43
41
37
29
19
17
13
72
5
33
27

Note that all prime factors listed above have been proven. As primes of under 250 decimal digits can be verified in a few seconds, proof of their primality is not included here, in order to save space. Larger prime factors can take from hours to months to prove; certificates for all such factors have been PKZIPped into this file.

We set R = (N-1)/F. Note that GCD(F,R)=1 and Log(F)/Log(N) = 30.835649%

Finding a Witness to Primality

Next, we find an integer witness w such that for each prime factor p of N-1, w(N-1) ≡ 1 mod N and GCD(w(N-1)/p-1,N) = 1. In this case, w = 53 suffices.

Express N in base F

As F3 < N < F4 and N ≡ 1 (mod F), we can let N = c3·F3 + c2·F2 + c1·F + 1. Let c4 = c3·F+c2.

Square Checks

For t = 0 to 5, we prove that Q(t) = (c1+t·F)2+4·t-4·c4 is not a perfect square. This is done by checking whether Q(t) is a quadratic residue modulo a variety of bases. If it happens to be a QR in all of the bases, we calculate s = floor(sqrt(Q(t))) and show that s2 < Q(t).

Continued Fraction

We approximate c1/F by a continued fraction u/v such that v is maximal while remaining less than F2 / N1/2 = 881605847 5300195337 7388355575 3434676084 4223665474 3176541147 6505717389 4084996283 8060117849 6122517768 7078251112 9792761162 5354277827 3431320268 4792575654 6947077242 6476233531 0562702405 3044664230 0769496904 0518447946 6229928988 0073992750 6777346497 6489520505 8706412368 1630496560 6795903459 3607696701 9250457542 2945631982 4344420537 7047466090 8907907727 2547977196 0772923060 9486372206 7038949433 0168542341 8044836327 4038561543 0089024085 1241906147 8258524064 2567614765 5556533497 4769728087 6271936917 1499990182 0167677720 4943438698 6143556731 0685883534 6437219983 2081397038 4690302157 9663096976 1487737126 2015635968 9030732344 9238009930 9414013846 2591650511 7860567712 5235787490 1035383036 9917458114 5368361141 3709038420 3220831357 9846267726 4249293822 6660233747 4517190477 0346619915 5972825606 6415465235 0232452384 3667127298 9066062849 0172919444 8133467726 1614247998 6209166686 7575712833 9334855522 8752518482 5873920268 0925995213 3750606097.

With those constraints, the unique continued fraction is: {0, 1, 10, 67, 1, 13, 12, 1, 47, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 5, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 9, 3, 6, 1, 2, 2, 10, 1, 9, 1, 2, 2, 2, 14, 26, 9, 1, 9, 1, 1, 10, 2, 1, 18, 2, 1, 5, 5, 3, 2, 24, 1, 2, 2, 1, 8, 7, 2, 2, 7, 1, 2, 8, 2, 4, 2, 14, 1, 2, 1, 8, 2, 5, 1, 5, 1, 5, 4, 4, 2, 4, 8, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 23, 1, 1, 7, 7, 1, 1, 6, 3, 37, 9, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 19, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 12, 1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 2, 9, 11, 1, 6, 5, 1, 16, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 139, 1, 3, 1, 2, 4, 1, 3, 10, 2, 4, 25, 1, 4, 3, 4, 2, 1, 25, 7, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 30, 1, 9, 1, 5, 1, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4, 12, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 8, 8, 1, 2, 2, 1, 12, 1, 337, 1, 5, 1, 374, 2, 13, 2, 2, 1, 9, 3, 1, 40, 2, 1, 9, 6, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 45, 1, 1, 41, 1, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 11, 4, 6, 1, 56, 1, 12, 3, 2, 1, 2, 5, 25, 2, 18, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 33, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 15, 2, 3, 1, 69, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 39, 1, 1, 28, 1, 1, 1, 21, 2, 4, 3, 1, 1, 1, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 1, 5, 7, 1, 3, 1, 9, 1, 3, 1, 3, 5, 4, 1, 7, 1, 3, 1, 28, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 5, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 211, 44, 1, 3, 2, 1, 24, 5, 2, 20, 3, 22, 10, 37, 3, 1, 2, 1, 7, 3, 125, 6, 1, 1, 3, 7, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 10, 6, 3, 1, 4, 7, 1, 9, 2, 1, 14, 3, 3, 51, 3, 2, 11, 1, 2, 5, 3, 1, 1, 3, 8, 4, 6, 1, 1, 1, 13, 1, 3, 2, 13, 1, 1, 1, 1, 45, 1, 3, 2, 4, 12, 3, 5, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 6, 6, 10, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 1, 48, 2, 7, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 24, 1, 2, 5, 2, 21, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 6, 10, 4, 1, 11, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 1, 47, 2, 1, 2, 7, 2, 1, 17, 1, 30, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 5, 2, 1, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 1, 7, 11, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 13, 2, 1, 10, 5, 74, 5, 1, 3, 11, 13, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 14, 5, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 170, 6, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 6, 1, 61, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 35, 1, 1, 1, 52, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 11, 1, 152, 24, 1, 6, 5, 2, 6, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 47, 1, 2, 2, 8, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 54, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 2, 1, 6, 229, 1, 33, 1, 4, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 18, 8, 4, 5, 1, 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 4, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 17, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 3, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 25, 1, 29, 3, 1, 1, 1, 16, 1, 1, 2, 29, 31, 1, 2, 4, 1, 5, 1, 3, 7, 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 19, 1, 1, 10, 1, 5, 2, 5, 1, 4, 1, 3, 316, 1, 2, 1, 41, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 766, 33, 2, 2, 25, 1, 67, 4, 1, 39, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 93, 5, 1, 1, 11, 1, 9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 287, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 12, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 6, 1, 2, 4, 10, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 43, 1, 1, 11, 2, 3, 37, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3, 2, 2, 44, 1, 9, 1, 5, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 5, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 93, 7, 4, 2, 10, 1, 1, 163, 1526, 3, 2, 2, 1, 13, 2, 1, 7, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 108, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 209, 4, 2, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 17, 9, 4, 1, 1, 10, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 3, 172, 1, 7, 1, 2, 2, 1, 6, 2, 9, 2, 2, 3, 1, 6, 2, 1, 56, 1, 11, 1, 2, 20, 3, 4, 1, 1, 3, 1, 19, 2, 1, 38, 1, 2, 1, 6, 45, 1, 1, 5, 2, 1, 1, 21, 3, 1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 10, 4, 1, 11, 2, 2, 1, 14, 1, 4, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6, 5, 65, 3, 1, 6, 2, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 7, 8, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 13, 17, 1, 3, 2, 3, 18, 9, 5, 1, 1, 1, 22, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 32, 7, 7, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 19, 1, 1, 22, 1, 7, 2, 1, 4, 1, 11, 8, 7, 2, 1, 172, 2, 13, 2, 52, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 5, 1, 7, 1, 2, 1, 8, 19, 1, 6, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 17, 1, 11, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 9, 45, 2, 1, 5, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 11, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 20, 54, 6, 2, 1, 4, 2, 3, 500, 6, 1, 1, 3, 3, 13, 1, 4, 3, 1, 1, 7, 4, 1, 1, 27, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 14, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3, 8, 5, 1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 38, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 11, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 5, 1, 16, 7, 1, 2, 1, 4, 18, 4, 1, 1, 7, 1, 2, 1, 48, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 4, 3, 6, 3, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 15, 91, 1, 11, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 7, 41, 1, 6, 1, 1, 51, 2, 3, 1, 55, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 20, 3, 2, 1, 2, 10, 1, 16, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 133, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 4, 1, 8, 1, 13, 1, 1, 3, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 26, 2, 4, 11, 1, 7, 2, 1, 2, 2, 6, 1, 20, 4, 25, 7, 2, 8, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 15, 1, 2, 1, 3, 5, 8, 20, 1, 8, 3, 2, 1, 1, 24, 10, 1, 1, 1, 2, 26, 1, 1, 15, 1, 1, 4, 2, 26, 6, 3, 1, 5, 1, 13, 5, 3, 1, 7, 2, 1, 1, 11, 9, 1, 1, 1, 6, 4, 6, 1, 16, 4, 1, 12, 1, 3, 1, 3, 9, 3, 2, 8, 3, 7, 18, 1, 2, 24, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 2, 14, 2, 3, 19, 16, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 1, 5, 1, 24, 3, 1, 2, 1, 12, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 49, 2, 2, 1, 1, 7, 2, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 6, 1, 11, 1, 34, 11, 2, 8, 1, 1, 1, 18, 1, 6, 2, 4, 2, 1, 30, 2, 33, 2, 21, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 19, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1, 5, 1, 1, 8, 1, 31, 3, 1, 29, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1, 9, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 19, 39, 1, 1, 13, 11, 1, 1, 43, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 203, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 7, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 45, 6, 1, 1, 33, 1, 1, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 12, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 94, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 25, 1, 4, 2, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 7, 1, 1, 12, 3, 414, 1, 34, 1, 3, 1, 4, 9, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 10, 1, 3, 2, 1, 61, 15, 1, 9, 1, 6, 1, 3, 1, 1, 6, 1, 11, 1, 18, 1, 1, 110, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 7, 1, 6, 1, 4, 3, 2, 2, 7, 11, 3, 19, 1, 3, 9, 1, 1, 1, 16, 2, 2, 35, 2, 3, 2, 2, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 45, 3, 1, 1, 33, 3, 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 1, 28, 5, 1, 1, 13, 2, 6, 1, 1, 6, 2, 4, 24, 3, 3, 14, 6, 3, 1, 1, 9, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 4, 16, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 29, 12, 2, 3, 3, 1, 21, 1, 5, 1, 3, 1, 5, 1, 3, 6, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 7, 5}, giving these values for u and v:

We also need to calculate d = floor(c4·v/F + 0.5) = 908437 8768794994 5967317320 7096368621 2943418674 0039039109 8692748157 6609600291 6118592254 8542450159 1451000025 3372742680 7621649665 8941498697 6990825573 0953955879 8048618991 1350569750 2948533965 8490283098 6400203702 7790187496 5456335747 4718989254 6809583588 0557002448 4250021130 2437283659 8877815173 4725157999 5706396323 9009094120 4792976042 9701512220 1333979443 4788947207 3081959838 8624617025 5687940017 1367707020 6886320104 7064855482 9705858986 3511753361 7618098046 7717479681 8851843477 5030684416 8042706173 9870434302 4730492949 0224235877 3118341851 9406432683 4928480784 7801494213 1452701595 9768347937 6235005868 7272448036 4538521784 0641736621 6487904781 6952713800 9825230524 5577633211 7312122300 4804649209 8846657479 1128062260 0211516816 7408031486 5334064731 0140096105 8037976634 8526514059 1461245894 7043278294 3235231639 9791110081 2964412407 1145169862 7058396079 5295181169 4299238526 9012526890 2536359038 7129612247 6706041087 4642539788 5394688267 2530663383 6122219078 8164190329 7412867436 4981036655 4945105262 5522523548 3182047533 8690072572 1015170901 8576144545 2878938858 3300390870 8633525629 0564149509 5043927052 6889646281 2566173420 2268413578 2585869198 3452873555 5280181651 6725338757 1557549052 1727522652 8204145120 7930893447 1643527556 2268083085 6627520656 5519564542 1771013964 0456227040 4938021515 5706914777 1222005780 7515686097 7603903380 3225382288 8118170165 7972593583 3268136584 8820406346 9560445939 8242159436 6413166880 2631009119 9831981957 8282619234 8972958929 9729001272 3367766805 5980363646 3709309860 5093611331 9650298386 1014741337

Cubic Polynomial

We now consider the cubic P(x)= v·x3 + (u·F-c1·v)·x2 + (c4·v-d·F+u)·x - d, which we express as: z1·x3 + z2·x2 + z3·x + z4, where:

We need to prove that this cubic has no integer roots r such that r·F+1 is a non-trivial factor of N. Clearly r (if it exists) must lie between 1 and R.

The real roots of P are:

There are no integer roots of P in the interval (1,R), so the proof of primality is complete.